Contemporary Psychodynamic Authors - 1984 Words

Contemporary psychodynamic authors define defenses as unconscious mental processes that function to defend against extreme anxiety (e.g. Valliant, 1994). Moreover, defenses are observed as being both protectors against unconscious feelings and relational and cognitive behaviours that protect the self (Cooper, 1998). Currently there is no consensus as to the number of defenses that exist however, in ‘The Ego and the mechanisms of Defense’ Ana Freud (1936/1986) discusses ten. However, subsequently there has expansion of recognised defences (Kramer 2013). Although, authors vary on the number of defenses that are present, there is a largely an agreement on the role of defenses. The function of these defense mechanisms is to modify internal psychological conditions such as emotions and thoughts by changing the meaning or implication of perceived threats (Kramer 2013). Defenses are utilised differently in borderline personality and comparable disorders and therefore necessitat e accurate identification for therapeutic appropriate intervention (Cooper, 1998). Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe and dominant psychiatric condition featuring affective instability, marked impulsivity, and substantial deficits in the ability to work and sustain meaningful relationships (Hadjipavlou and Ogrodniczuk 2010). In addition, BPD individuals suffer with deep fear of abandonment, identity conflicts and paranoid ideations (Hadjipavlou and Ogrodniczuk 2010). Further, BPD individualsShow MoreRelatedFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod and genital stage. Freud argues that personality development across these stages is a reflection of how the impulses and drives were accomplished in the different developmental stages (Jones Butman, 2012) Do you agree with or disagree with the author? Explain I do agree with the Jones and Butman that as Christians we are likely to disregard Freudian views on personality development because of the theory’s differences with our Christian worldview. Jones and Butman argue that Conservative ChristiansRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many different subfield specialties. Influence on Psychology’s Major Concepts Diversity is off great influence on the major concepts in psychology. 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Indeed, it is difficult to imagine the acceptance of any contemporary psychological stream without the American mental health movement of the early 1900’s. When comparing the methods used by contemporary clinical and counselling psychologists, one must recognise the contributions of Carl Rogers, whose non-directive, humanistic counselling approach relied upon client-centered methods